What are lower limb disorders?
Lower limb disorders affect the structures of the lower body, including the hips, thighs, knees, calves, ankles and feet. They usually develop as the result of repetitive movements, prolonged poor posture or physical overload. What makes lower limb disorders particularly challenging is that they can progress gradually, meaning workers may adapt their movement patterns to cope with discomfort, sometimes worsening the underlying problem without realising it. In the workplace, lower limb pain is commonly associated with musculoskeletal health, although circulatory and nerve related issues can also play a role.
Common lower limb disorders
In a work setting, certain tasks have a higher propensity to result in a lower limb disorder. Hip related conditions may present as stiffness or deep seated pain, radiating into the thigh, and are commonly associated with prolonged sitting or repetitive lifting. Calf pain and swelling may point towards muscular fatigue or circulatory issues, particularly in roles that limit movement. Disorders affecting the ankle and foot, such as plantar heel pain or achilles tendon issues, often relate to long periods of standing or walking on hard surfaces or wearing unsuitable footwear. Knee pain is often linked to cartilage wear, tendon irritation or inflammation around the joint, caused by repetitive movements and lifting heavy loads.
Job roles most prone to lower limb disorders
Certain job roles place higher demands on the lower limbs, increasing the likelihood of pain or injury over time. Occupations that involve prolonged standing, such as manufacturing, retail or healthcare roles, can place continuous load through the feet, ankles and knees. Manual handling roles that require frequent lifting, carrying or squatting can strain the hips and knees, particularly if tasks are repetitive or poorly designed. Driving based roles combine prolonged sitting with vibration exposure, further increasing the risk of lower limb discomfort. On the other end of the spectrum, desk based roles may appear low risk, but extended periods of sitting can contribute to hip stiffness, reduced circulation and muscular imbalance.
What can workers do if they are experiencing symptoms
When pain begins to interfere with a worker’s daily responsibilities, it should be addressed immediately. Ignoring ongoing pain can lead to chronic conditions that are harder to treat and may result in prolonged absence from work. Seeking advice from a healthcare professional allows for a clearer understanding of the underlying issue and the application of appropriate treatment. In an occupational health setting, this may include a functional assessment to explore how work tasks are contributing to symptoms. Outside of medical help, simple steps such as paying attention to posture, varying tasks where possible and taking regular movement breaks also reduce strain on the lower limbs.
How can employers help?
Recognising that musculoskeletal health is a shared responsibility is the first step in creating a safer workplace. Risk assessments are a great tool for highlighting areas for improvement. These assessments look at things like standing duration, task repetition and ergonomic design. This can be followed by practical adjustments, such as providing anti-fatigue mats, introducing suitable seating or task rotation. Access to occupational health services enables early intervention and professional support when employees need it. Finally clear communication and a supportive culture encourages staff to raise concerns before they escalate, benefiting both themselves and the organisation they work for.
Bringing it all together
Understanding the nature of lower limb conditions, the roles that carry higher risk and the steps both workers and employers can take creates a foundation for effective management. For workers, paying attention to early symptoms and seeking support promptly can prevent long-term problems. For employers, proactive measures and access to occupational health expertise can reduce absence, improve wellbeing and sustain productivity. At MOHS, supporting organisations across the West Midlands means helping translate this knowledge into practical action, ensuring that lower limb pain is addressed before it becomes a barrier to success.