Introduction to shoulder injuries in the workplace

Shoulder injuries are among the most common musculoskeletal problems in workplaces. The shoulder is a complex joint designed to allow a wide range of movement, which makes it particularly vulnerable to injury. Roles involving manual handling, repetitive tasks, prolonged computer use or awkward postures, place the shoulder under sustained stress. Over time, this can lead to injuries. Understanding how these injuries develop and can be managed puts us in the driving seat when it comes to protecting our workforces.

Common symptoms of a shoulder injury

Pain is often the first sign of a shoulder injury and is usually felt as a dull ache, sharp discomfort or burning sensation in or around the shoulder joint. This pain can worsen during movement or after a working day and may radiate down the arm or into the neck. Many workers also experience stiffness, particularly first thing in the morning or after periods of inactivity, which can make everyday tasks such as reaching overhead. Weakness, reduced range of motion and a sensation of grinding or clicking within the joint is also quite common. Swelling, visible deformity or sudden loss of function may indicate a more acute injury that requires prompt medical assessment.

Common types of work-related shoulder injuries

Rotator cuff injuries involve damage to the group of muscles and tendons that stabilise the shoulder. These injuries can develop gradually through repetitive strain or suddenly following a heavy lift. Frozen shoulder, also known as adhesive capsulitis, is characterised by progressive stiffness and pain, often leading to significant restriction in movement over time. Shoulder dislocations tend to occur following a fall or impact and can result in ongoing instability if not properly managed. Inflammatory conditions such as bursitis and tendonitis are frequently linked to repetitive movements or sustained pressure on the shoulder structures. Sprains and strains, affecting ligaments and muscles, can arise from overexertion or sudden, awkward movements during work activities.

Main causes of shoulder injuries at work

The causes of shoulder injuries in the workplace are often multifactorial, reflecting the interaction between job demands, individual factors and the working environment. Repetitive motions are a major contributor, particularly in roles that require frequent reaching, lifting or tool use without adequate variation or rest. Heavy lifting places substantial load on the shoulder joint, especially when tasks are performed without appropriate technique or assistance. Awkward postures, such as working with arms raised or twisted for prolonged periods, can increase strain on muscles and tendons. Falls and impacts, whether from slips, trips or contact with moving objects, are a regular source of shoulder injuries.

What employees can do if they have a shoulder injury

When an employee is experiencing shoulder pain or discomfort, early action is critical in preventing the condition from worsening. Seeking medical advice at an early stage can help clarify the nature of the injury and guide appropriate treatment. Employees should also report symptoms to their employer, as this enables workplace adjustments to be considered. Modifying activities, where possible, to reduce strain on the shoulder can be beneficial, as can adhering to recommended treatment plans such as physiotherapy or prescribed exercises. Maintaining open communication with managers and occupational health professionals allows concerns to be addressed promptly and supports a smoother recovery and return to full duties.

What employers can do to support employees with shoulder injuries

Employers play a pivotal role in both the prevention and management of shoulder injuries at work. Creating an environment where employees feel comfortable reporting symptoms early can significantly reduce the risk of long-term absence or chronic conditions. Risk assessments should be used to identify tasks that place excessive strain on the shoulders and to implement suitable control measures. Reasonable adjustments, such as temporary modifications to duties, altered working hours or ergonomic improvements, can make a substantial difference to an employee’s recovery. Access to occupational health services, ensures that decisions are informed by clinical expertise and aligned with best practice.

Summary and key takeaways

Shoulder injuries in the workplace are a common and often preventable. By understanding the typical symptoms, the range of conditions that can affect the shoulder and the underlying causes related to work activities, both employees and employers can take meaningful steps to address the issue. If you need occupational health support, we can help! MOHS Workplace Health has supported organisations in creating safer, healthier workplaces for over 60 years. Contact us today at info@mohs.co.uk or call us on 01216014041 to learn more.