Diabetes is one of the most common health conditions in the UK, affecting millions of working age people. Yet despite its prevalence, misconceptions about diabetes remain widespread. Many people assume it is simply a matter of avoiding sugar or taking medication. The reality is more complex. Diabetes can influence energy levels, concentration, physical wellbeing and day to day routines, all of which can have an impact at work.
What is diabetes?
Diabetes is a condition that affects how the body regulates blood glucose. Glucose is the body’s primary source of energy, but it requires a hormone called insulin to move it from the bloodstream into cells where it can be used. When the body does not produce enough insulin, cannot use insulin effectively, or both, blood glucose levels become too high. Over time, persistently elevated blood glucose can increase the risk of complications affecting the heart, kidneys, eyes, nerves and blood vessels. Diabetes is a lifelong condition for many people, although the way it develops and is managed can vary considerably depending on the type of diabetes involved.
Why is diabetes relevant in the workplace?
The majority of people living with diabetes are either currently employed or will be employed at some stage during their working lives. Most individuals with diabetes can perform their jobs effectively and safely when their condition is well managed. However, diabetes management often requires regular monitoring of blood glucose levels, access to medication, opportunities to eat at appropriate times and flexibility to attend medical appointments. Some people may also experience episodes of low blood glucose (hypoglycaemia), high blood glucose (hyperglycaemia), fatigue or complications that affect their work.
Understanding the different types of diabetes
While type 1 and type 2 diabetes are the most widely recognised forms of diabetes, there are many different types of diabetes you might not have heard of before.
Type 1 diabetes: An autoimmune condition in which the immune system attacks the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. People with type 1 diabetes require lifelong insulin treatment.
Type 2 diabetes: Occurs when the body becomes resistant to insulin or cannot produce sufficient insulin. It’s the most common form of diabetes and is influenced by a combination of genetic, lifestyle and environmental factors.
Gestational diabetes: Develops during pregnancy and usually resolves after birth, although it increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes later in life.
Latent Autoimmune Diabetes in Adults (LADA): Sometimes described as a slower progressing form of type 1 diabetes that develops during adulthood.
Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young (MODY): A rare inherited form of diabetes caused by changes in a single gene.
Neonatal diabetes: Develops in babies during the first months of life and is usually linked to genetic changes affecting insulin production.
Type 3c diabetes: Occurs following damage to the pancreas, often caused by conditions such as pancreatitis, pancreatic surgery or pancreatic cancer.
Cystic Fibrosis Related Diabetes (CFRD): Develops in some people with cystic fibrosis when the pancreas becomes damaged and can no longer produce sufficient insulin.
Steroid-induced diabetes: Can occur when prolonged use of corticosteroid medications affects blood glucose regulation.
Wolfram syndrome: A rare genetic condition that can include diabetes mellitus alongside neurological and sensory impairments.
Although these conditions differ in their causes and management, they all involve difficulties regulating blood glucose and may require workplace support.
What are the common symptoms of diabetes?
There are a number of symptoms that people with diabetes experience, that can either develop gradually or quite suddenly. The most common symptoms are:
- Increased thirst
- Frequent urination
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue and low energy
- Blurred vision
- Slow healing of cuts and wounds
- Recurrent infections
- Increased hunger
- Difficulty concentrating
Some people may experience episodes of hypoglycaemia, particularly if they use insulin or certain diabetes medications. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia can include sweating, shaking, dizziness, confusion, irritability and difficulty concentrating. Recognising these signs can help colleagues and managers respond appropriately if an employee requires assistance.
What should employers consider when supporting workers with diabetes?
Supporting employees with diabetes does not necessarily require extensive workplace adjustments. In many cases, relatively simple measures can have a significant positive impact. Employers should consider:
Creating an open and supportive culture
Employees are more likely to disclose health conditions when they feel confident they will be treated fairly and respectfully. Open communication helps identify support needs at an early stage.
Allowing flexibility where appropriate
Employees may need time to monitor blood glucose levels, administer insulin, eat regular meals or attend medical appointments. Flexible arrangements can help individuals manage their condition more effectively.
Considering workplace risks
Certain roles are more dangerous than others, particularly where employees undertake safety critical activities. Individual risk assessments enable you to identify where symptomatic workers could pose a risk to themselves or others.
Providing reasonable adjustments
Providing employees with an extra layer of support can make all the difference. Examples might include access to food and drink, secure storage for medication, suitable rest facilities or flexibility around break times.
Training managers
Line managers don’t need to become medical experts, but a basic understanding of diabetes can help them respond appropriately and confidently to requests from workers who have diabetes.
What can employees with diabetes do to support themselves?
Managing diabetes at work often involves balancing health needs alongside professional responsibilities. Many people find it helpful to develop a plan for managing diabetes during busy periods, shift work, travel or changes in routine. Employees can support themselves by:
- Following their agreed treatment plan.
- Monitoring blood glucose levels as advised.
- Carrying any necessary medication or emergency treatments.
- Keeping snacks available if there is a risk of low blood glucose.
- Attending regular healthcare appointments.
- Maintaining healthy lifestyle habits, including physical activity and balanced nutrition.
- Informing relevant managers about any workplace adjustments they may require.
Importantly, employees should seek medical advice if they experience difficulties controlling their blood glucose levels or notice changes in their symptoms.
Health, wellbeing and productivity
Diabetes is a common condition that affects people across all industries and occupations. While it can present challenges, most employees with diabetes can work successfully when they have access to appropriate support and understanding. At MOHS Workplace Health, we work with employers and employees across the West Midlands to support effective management of long-term health conditions. Find out about how we can help you by contacting us at info@mohs.co.uk or call us on 01216014041.